Constrained relaxation

It is possible to optimize geometrical structures with a constraint in which atoms can be fixed in the initial position. The constraint can be applied separately to the $x$-, $y$-, and $z$-coordinates to the initial atomic position in your input file by the following keyword 'MD.Fixed.XYZ':

   <MD.Fixed.XYZ
      1  1 1 1
      2  1 0 0
   MD.Fixed.XYZ>

The example is for a system consisting of two atoms. If you have $N$ atoms, then you have to provide $N$ rows in this specification. The 1st column is the same sequential number to specify atom as in the specification of the keyword 'Atoms.SpeciesAndCoordinates'. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th columns are flags for the $x$-, $y$-, and $z$-coordinates, respectively. '1' means that the coordinate is fixed, and '0' relaxed. In the above example, the $x$-, $y$-, and $z$-coordinates of the atom '1' are fixed, and only the x-coordinate of the atom '2' is fixed. The default setting is that all the coordinates are relaxed. The fixing of atomic positions are valid for all the geometry optimizers and molecular dynamics schemes. The constrained relaxation may be useful for a refinement of the local structure in large-scale systems.